4. Pine Flat Dam to Centerville (Route 180)Class I-II
12 Miles
Avg Gradient 14 fpm
Max Gradient 15 fpm
Kayak class near Pine Flat
Kayak class near Pine Flat Photo by Paul Martzen taken 9-1-2001 @ low River DescriptionThe Lower Kings River, (below Pine Flat Dam) is a very nice river for canoeing and for beginning kayakers and rafters. It is a good summer after work destination. It also has some decent play spots, especially for modern play boats. The scenery is excellent, changing from foothill grasslands to valley oak forest. Mostly the river is quite wide, but there are a number of narrow winding side channels with overhanging forest canopies.Getting There: From the north, take freeway 99 to Fresno, then take freeway 180 east to its end. Jog south (right) one mile to Kings Canyon Ave. (highway 180) and drive till it crosses the river at Pierces' Park (the take-out). To go directly to the put-in or for shorter runs only drive a half a block south from freeway 180, to Belmont Ave. and turn left (east). Follow Belmont to Piedra. From the south, take freeway 99 north to Freeway 198 east. Immediately take the Plaza Drive exit and go north through Dinuba to Adams Ave. Turn left to Frankwood (if going directly to the put-in) or on to Reed Ave (if going to the take-out). Go north on Reed to 180 east, to Pierce's Park. If going directly to the put-in go north on Frankwood to Piedra Rd. to Piedra. River Mileage and Elevations:
Put-in and Take-out:, There are many public access points from the dam to Avocado Lake either at Fresno County parks or from roadside turnouts. Below Avocado the banks are mostly private property. At highway 180, the privately owned Pierce's Park provides a nice take-out and camping for small fees. Free but more awkward take-outs can be made at the bridge or just past Pierce's Park. Flows are released from the dam for irrigation from Spring, through Summer and often into early fall. Typical irrigation releases are from 2000 cfs to 10,000 cfs. Winter releases are generally in the 50 cfs range. Water temperature tends to be very cold, but in late summer when flows drop it can be less cold and more pleasant for swimming. The rapids are primarily cobblestone riffles, though boulders have been placed in the river in many locations to improve fish habitat. Rapids are separated by long pools or swift water. There are a number of sections with islands that seperate the river into two or three channels. The main hazards on this run are from trees along the bank which hang branches into the water and which occassionally fall into the channels. Thick brush, tree branches, trunks and roots in the current form strainers that can catch and drown the unwary. Experts give such strainers a wide berth, but novices have a difficult time recognizing strainers, seeing where the current is pushing them and having the paddling skill to move away in time. Novice boaters who swim, also need to be careful about where they swim to shore, aiming for clear bank. There is a Deadly Hazard just upstream of the put-in. A gauging weir (low head dam), is underneath the bridge upstream of the put-in. There is no easy way to get a complete look at this weir, but looking down from the bridge, you can watch the water boiling up to the surface then rushing back upstream under the bridge. No floating object or person can escape once sucked in. It is a classic "low head dam" with a steep drop and strong reversal that will drown anyone who ventures too close and who is not quickly rescued from outside. Signs warn of the danger and direct you to launch at least 300 feet downstream of this bridge. See the "killing machine" pictures below. Three people have died here in 40 years according to one knowledgable source at Army Corp. A few others have been rescued before they perished. The backwash is long and steep. Pulling someone out through the backwash is very difficult and requires multiple people pulling an a rope. The swimmer will not be able to hang on unless the rope is attached or wrapped around their body. Paddle clubs and rescue teams should try to develop fast and more effective methods for rescueing victums from this deadly trap. In the long term, paddlers should work with the army corp to implement design modifications that would reduce the danger of this weir. The function of the weir,(measuring streamflow) can still be achieved with modifications that would eliminate the deadly backwash. Three Diversion Weirs are passed in the lower half of the river, between Winton park and highway 180. They are all easily portaged. Alta Weir (portage river right), about a mile past Winton Park is easily portaged on the right. Alta is noted for its interesting surf wave. See Alta Weir pictures and diagram below, and another photo at D. J. Gabbard's Kayaking Page. Gould Weir (portage river left) is on the narrow, right most channel about a mile below Avocado Lake. At medium and high flows it is easy and best to avoid this channel. At low flows the middle and left channels can get too low so that paddlers are forced into the Gould Weir channel. There are no warning signs. Fresno Weir (portage river left) is a 6 or 8 foot high dam about 3/4 mile past the fancy Harris Ranch Mansion. This portage is notable for the narrow hidden take out 20 feet from the lip of the dam. There are no warning signs. There will be a drop in flow below each of these weirs because their function is to divert some flow into irrigation canals. As flows drop in the Fall, the sections below Fresno Weir will become very low, even when upper sections are still fine. Camping is available at county parks near the dam, or at the private Pierce's Park at Highway 180. There are seven Fresno County parks along this section of the Kings river. The linked page has information and directions to all of these county parks including some which are undeveloped and not well known. Local Clubs: For more information on this and other local paddling areas, please feel free to contact these local clubs: SJPaddlers, NEW Kayak Club, or Gold Country Paddlers. Online: You can get more information from California's Whitewater Community at boof.com. US Army Corp of Engineers manages Pine Flat Dam. Their office is on the south side of the river near the base of the dam. From the put-in, just continue south on Pine Flat Rd. another half mile or so and you will see the office on the left. Call: (559) 787-2599 The Kings River Conservancy, 1384 N. Frankwood Ave. Sanger, CA 93657 (559) 787-9500), is working to create better public access and stewardship for the lower Kings River from Pine Flat dam to highway 99, by creating greenbelt parks along the river. Kings River Conservation District 4886 E. Jensen Avenue Fresno, CA 93725 Telephone: (559)-237-5567 is the local entity which contracts with the US government for irrigation water and then provides that water to individual irrigation districts, such as Fresno Irrigation. This page for the Fresno Sheriff Boating Patrol lists some of the laws relating to boating on the Kings River. Fresno County Board of Supervisors Hall of Records 2281 Tulare Street, Room 3001 Fresno, CA 93721-2198 (559)488-3529 If you want to legally boat this section at flows higher than the present legal limit or if you wish to legally surf at the Alta Weir, contact this Board of Supervisors and complain, or perhaps ask for a special permit. The water which is stored in Pine Flat reservoir and sent down the Kings River is used up entirely by irrigated farming. Pine Flat was originally proposed to be built by the Bureau of Reclamation. However the reclamation act limited the use of stored water to farms of 160 acres or less. The major beneficiaries of the proposed reservoir owned far greater than 160 acres. So, they managed to persuade congress to have the Army Corp of Engineers build the dam as a flood control project. This allowed the farmers to receive all of the water with no restrictions while the federal government paid for the dam. All the other dams on the rivers that drained into Tulare Lake were similarly built by the Army Corp of Engineers for the same reasons. The following links have information on farming in this region. J.G. Boswell farm subsidies Cotton subsidies The King of California: J.G. Boswell and the Making of a Secret American Empire, by Mark Arax and Rick Wartzman Book review Paul Martzen SIERRA WHITEWATER, MARTIN, 1974 StreamTeam Status: verified
Last Updated: 2007-02-23 03:58:56
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Flow information comes from the Army Corp of Engineers Pine Flat. Dreamflows.com, posts flows for this and many other rivers.
Flow RangeThere is no upper limit of boatable flows in this section since it is pretty much flat. However, there is a legal upper limit. The river is closed to swimmers and floating aids above 7,000 cfs and closed to boating above 10,000 cfs release from Pine Flat. On the low end, 1,000 cfs is getting pretty low and below 500 or 600 cfs is probably too low for anyone but the most desperate and paddle starved. You can still paddle at flows as low as 100 cfs, but you will probably hang up and have to push your way down about 50% of the riffles. Amazingly, the other 50% are still relatively clean at 100 cfs.. 200 cfs may be fine.
No guide books for this stream. If you know of a book that describes this stream please contact and advise the StreamTeam member for this run. No Comments
Add a Comment| Mile | Rapid Name | Class | Features (Legend) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0 | Put-in |  | |
| 0.2 | First Rapid | ||
| 1.2 | First Islands | ||
| 1.6 | Choinumni Park |  | |
| 1.9 | Second islands | II | |
| 2.9 | Piedra Bridge | II |  |
| 3.4 | Winton Park Beach | | |
| 4.5 | Third Islands | ||
| 4.9 | Alta Weir |  | |
| 5.6 | River Access | | |
| 6.2 | Channel Split | ||
| 7.0 | Gould Weir |  | |
| 7.3 | Low Bridge | | |
| 8.7 | Fresno Weir |  | |
| 12.0 | Highway 180 |  |
Islands divide the river into left and right channels. The left channel is narrow and shaded. Near the end this channel drops steeply to the left then curves around to the right. The right channel is wider and more open but less interesting.
Immediately below this bridge the river splits into 3 short but steep chutes. The chutes are straightforward, but the currents are boiling and turbulent where they come together. Many a beginning kayaker is tipped over at this spot. Play boaters will enjoy the strong eddy lines and whirlpools.
Alta Weir is a low dam structure that diverts water into an irrigation channel to the left. The main hazard is concrete dividers spaced every 8 feet across the river (and the trees that sometimes snag on those dividers). The drop itself has had no reversal for many years and does not now pose a major hazard. Many paddlers do run this weir, but it is also very easy to portage on river right.
The dividers in the weir are designed to hold boards in place that further dam the water. When the boards are in place they create a steeper and more awkward drop. The boards are needed to dam the water at very low flows, but the irrigation district has gotten into the habit of leaving them in all year long no matter what the flow.
Alta is popular for its river wide surf wave which forms just below the drop.
Many groups also take-out just upstream of the weir on river left. There is a steep bank, but the road is next to the river and there is a large parking area.
Stay out of the river left channel above the irrigation gate structure. Water is sucked down and through the bottom of the gates.
A high voltage tower is on top of a hill on river right. A trail leads up this steep hill to a big turnout on the road.
The river splits again, but at lower flows, most of the water goes down the right most channel leading to Gould Weir. Portage on river left starting a ways above the weir. The bank is mostly concrete riprap near the weir and so it is awkward to take out. Close to the weir the banks are steeper and the current faster. A dirt road leads around the weir and to a nice put-in below. At medium and high flows it is easy and best to avoid this channel. At low flows the middle and left channels can get too low so that paddlers are forced into the Gould Weir channel.
Just after the Gould Weir Channel rejoins the center channel, a private road crosses both branches of the river via metal bridges. The bridge over the main/right channel is very low and blocks passage at higher flows. At 6,800 cfs kayaks can barely slip under, but rafts and canoes must portage. It is a short but awkward portage with lots of stinging nettle. The bridge over river left channel is high up and never presents a problem for boaters.
Portage river left. This is a 6 to 8 foot high dam is about 3/4 mile past the fancy Harris Ranch Mansion. White fences on river right continue a ways past the mansion. Just after the fences end, a thick telephone cable passes over the river and the river curves right, then left. Looking downstream boaters will see a small building atop a concrete wall. This wall is the right bank of the dam. There are no other warning sign and the dam itself is visible only as a horizon line. The river curves to the left enough that it is impossible to see the portage till you are on top of it. Once you see these structures hug the left shore and get ready to portage.
There are two options for portage on the river left. The most common option is to slink, one at a time, past the berry bushes to a narrow hole in the bushes about 20 feet from the lip of the dam. If you have beginners somebody should stand in the water and drag them into the hole so they do not drift past. Only one boat at a time really fits. Fortunately the current tends to be relatively slow as the dam is very wide. At high flows, however, this option can be scary.
The second option is to take out upstream of the berry bushes and drag boats 50 yards or so behind the berry bushes. This is a much safer option but is less obvious and gets little to no use, so the trail is usually overgrown and the take-out is not obvious. The local paddling club has discussed putting a sign at this take-out, but has not yet done so.
The land at this portage is public; Bureau of Reclamation upstream, and Fresno County downstream, so it is a legal stopping and picnicing spot in this lower section.
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